In this special research topic both architectural and urban development of the traditional village of Fiscardo (Kefalonia) is examined. In the beginning, architectural and, moreover, cultural heritage are mentioned, as well as the national and European context of documents (declarations, decisions, charters) concerning its protection. Subsequently, a brief view of the of the urban development of Fiscardo is presented, since its establishment to nowadays, as well as an extensive analysis of the architectural characteristics of the area, seen through the context of the island in general. A refer to the standing legislation is following, as far as Fiscardo and other historical centers are concerned. Emphasis is given in two past studies about Fiscardo which were never completed. At the end, a brief idea of the village nowadays is given and the most important problems, concerning environmental, urban and architectural features, are detected. Conclusions are exported as far as protection, conservation and development of historical centers are concerned.