The phenomenon of urbanization and especially the domestic sector, is an important factor which has affected in a great scale the eco-system. Today it is calculated that the domestic activity devours 16% of the global water deposit, 40% of the global energy, and absorbs more than 50% of the materials extracted, while it produces  40-50% of the waste that results in waste disposal areas. Beyond the immediate emissions of  pollutants in the air and water, there is also the pollution that comes from building materials and the interior building equipment, causing the ‘Sick Building Syndrome’. It is therefore necessary the ecological design, using as a main tool the ‘Life Cycle Analysis’ of materials, in order to seek the reduction of consumption of none-recyclable natural resources, the minimalization of waste production and the creation of healthy and functional constructions, aiming thus in the reduction of environmental repercussions. This study aims to value the impact of  building materials to man and environment, through their Life Cycles, from the extraction of materials, until their demolition and recycling or reusing. In addition the present study may be used as a manual in order to evaluate and choose the suitable building materials according to the preferences and demands of each designer-constructor.