This inquiring subject constitutes a deepening in the basic principleswhich condition thetraditional architecture and how these can be developed today. Therefore, the goal of this study is not the idealisation of the traditional architecture, but the appointment of her basic principles which are scientifically studied today and also consist part of what is widely known as “bioclimatic architecture”.For this aim, initially, a shortpresentation of certain new approaches, that concerns the energy design, will take place anda reference to roots of ecological building that are found in the popular tradition of each place. Afterwards, a selected, traditional settlement of themountain ‘Pelion’ will be studied aiming at the collection of information for practices and techniques that can be developed in the modern constructions, adjusted, of course, to the currentneeds and combined with the new technologies.The experience and knowledge of the traditional builders has been incorporated in the buildings with simple and not always by conscious ways. The lack of technological means and theabundance of materials, led to the adaption of residence and settlement according to the climatic, topographic and more general, to all theenvironmental data with the better possible way. Their purpose was to reacha better protection from the climatic conditions but also the biggest economy of forces and resources. The geographic breadth of study is limited in the settlement of ‘Makrinitsa’. Although this study areacould constitute arepresentative one, cannot be isolated from her wider geographic environment. Finally for more completed and thorough conclusions, a focus and a deep study of aparticular mansion of ‘Makrinitsa’,was judged essential. Studying this building from its initial manufacture until its current form, we can formulate a full opinion for the architectural and environmental principles that condition it.So, with the observations in the selected building and the applied techniquesto this, the following research, aims at the appointment of these which can bemaintained and reused. According to this particular reading, the climatic factors are elected, but this do not reverse the fact that certain other factors can be more decisive, as the combination of historic, social or even utilitarian needs.So, the fact that thisparticular study characterizes as “bioclimatic” certain elements of thetraditional architecture is of course an admission.