The present paper explores the evolution of museum lighting, from the exclusive reliance on natural light for the display of museum collections, to modern complex lighting practices in museum spaces, both natural and artificial, aimed at the optimal presentation of exhibits, their preservation, and the successful interaction with visitors to serve museum narration and meaning making. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that contribute to successful strategic planning of exhibition lighting. Through the investigation of the tools and lighting techniques available to the lighting designer and the analysis of the rules governing visual perception, it aims to achieve a deeper understanding of the role of the museum lighting designer who needs to address the needs of contemporary exhibition spaces, satisfy conflicting interests, shape the museum experience, and ensure the sustainability of museums for the benefit of future generations. Finally, through the presentation of relevant examples, this paper sheds light on the complexity of museum lighting, its dynamic nature, as well as the limitless possibilities and opportunities it offers.