Investigating and addressing climate change over time is intertwined with the development of practices revolving around water management. Different factors, such as drought or flooding, but also broader changes in climate, have played a role in the maintenance or evolution of water management practices that may also lead to a total rearrangement of the hydraulic matrix of a territory and the emergence of new 'hydro-cultures'. This research, introduces and elaborates the meaning of the concept of hydroculture both as a theoretical tool and as a critical lens for the study of anthropogenic and anthropocentric cultures of Thessaly where water and its management practices were intertwined with social structures, forms of power, settlement organization, cultural/religious expression and others. Focusing on Thessaly as a geomorphological watershed that was chronically affected by intense flooding and periods of drought, the paper examines the complex relationships between people and water by focusing on two major hydrocultures. It traces the first hydroculture to the beginnings of climate change 130,000 years ago to the 7th century BC, where human practices, forms and expressions attempted to 'domesticate' water resources in the hydraulic evolution from the 7th century BC to the 17th century AD, it highlights the emergence of the second hydroculture, where the main objective of the human communities of Thessaly was the 'demarcation' of water resources and the construction of more sophisticated infrastructures for its management. Drawing on myths, ancient Greek literature, contemporary archaeological and archaeoenvironmental studies, this study attempts to link natural changes in climate and soil over time with human agency, identifying sustainable practices of the management of water and other natural resources. Through this analysis, this study extracts reflections on alternative historical and theoretical approaches that question the anthropocentric, tech-no-scientific logics of modernity and the philosophical divide of nature/civilization as their core to envision a transformative politics of symbiosis with water in its multiple manifestations.