This research paper examines the architectural history of thermalism in Greece. The significance of thermal springs has been recognized since antiquity, with thermalism playing a crucial role in societies across the centuries. Bathing practices, associated not only with therapeutic benefits but also with overall well-being and social interaction, have been instrumental in achieving holistic healing of both ‘body’ and ‘mind’. The areas around the baths, in every historical period, were a point of interest for the society in question, resulting in the creation of important buildings in Greece and internationally. Particularly in the 20th century, perceptions of baths changed, prioritizing cleanliness, body health, and therapy achieved through contact with thermal waters and their chemical elements. This led to the upgrading of thermal towns and bathing establishments.

This research attempts to analyze the historical evolution of thermalism and bathing facilities through the example of the thermal town of Loutra Aidipsou, which has been in continuous use from antiquity to the early 21st century. Specifically, in the 1970s, it served as the main bathing center in the country. Through the study of relevant literature, archives, and on-site visits, the work aims to understand the development of the thermal town of Aidipsos in connection with the socio-political, architectural, and intellectual framework. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of the architectural history of the thermal town, its residential development, and the current challenges faced by a location shaped by the rise and fall of the phenomenon of thermalism.