The present research thesis deals with the issue of interplanetary architecture, with emphasis on Mars and the Moon, through an analysis of the various technologies and innovations which aim to achieve the relocation of the human species to the various celestial bodies but also improve the living conditions on planet Earth. In order to understand the importance of the research developed on interplanetary architecture, the course of space exploration is first presented through a brief review of the historical and technological context and then the different types of missions, which have been developed to expand humanity's contact with space, are described. Part of the research constitutes the identification and comparative analysis of the atmospheric and surface characteristics observed on Mars and the Moon, the available resources, the construction materials being offered and the natural protection areas created through the diverse geological phenomena that develop in each space body. The research focuses on the bibliographical analysis of the various technologies and structures that have been developed aiming at interplanetary habitation and their evaluation based on suitability to the different conditions prevailing in the two space bodies. The risks and threats to which astronauts are going to be exposed to due to the different living conditions during their journey and the ways to protect themselves against them, are also highlighted. Finally, the reasons that make research on interplanetary habitation important and its contribution to the development of useful innovations that find use in facilitating people's daily lives, are emphasised. Through the review of the available literature, this research paper aims to clarify the issues surrounding interplanetary architecture.